Chapter 5 The first hard negotiation over the Sinuiju Special Region

The Korean delegation had visited the Holland Village for the first time.

As soon as Yang Bin went back to Shenyang, he started his preparations: he invited Li Yingzhou, a lawyer who helped Yang Bin’s Eurasia Group with coming into the Hong Kong Market, He Jundi and Li Su who were the director and the general manager of a famous inland consultant firm respectively and Professor Luo Weijian, the jurist of Macao University Law School who had participated in drafting up both Hong Kong and Macao Special Administration Region Fundamental Laws.
On the night of March 6 , Yang Bin hosted a banquet in the equatorial forest hall near the Swan Lake to welcome the Asian president of the MGM, USA with his delegation who visited Yang for surveying cooperation in a tourism project. Li Gang the vice president of the Group, Shi Jun, Ma Ning who had just come back from the other city and a young expert from the Capital Airport had also joined in the banquet. According to Chinese custom, it was arranged for me to sit down his right because I visited Yang Bin for the first time. Furthermore it was my first time that I met Ma Ning and Wang Nuo. ②
At 3 am on Mar 7, Yang Bin headed off from Shenyang with Shi Jun, Ma Ning, Wang Nuo and an expert of the Beijing Capital Airport for Dandong by train and arrived there at 7 am. Some principals welcomed them at the train station and invited them to have breakfast and talk about future cooperations concerning building up the Special Economic Zone. In their conversation Jiang Zuoyong, the Dandong mayor pointed out that at the beginning of the 1980s when 19 Chinese cities were opened, the GDD of Dandong city was on the same level as that in Suzhou city which later developed faster than Dandong. The people in Dandong had been waiting for 20 years to open to the world. Yang Bin’s project in Sinuiju had opened a door to the world for Dandong. He believed that Dandong would catch up with the advanced cities in less than 20 years. The success in the Sinuiju project could push the economy of the Dandong light industry base and build up the economic circle around Huang Sea including the Liaodong peninsula---the Shenyang city----- the Dandong city----the Pyongyang city---- the Kaesong city ----the Seoul city--- Fushan---- Japan--- the Jiaodong peninsula. Two hours later, Yang Bin and his delegation passed Yalu River and were welcomed by President Kim Dongkyu, the Korean chief representative followed by officials of Foreign Affairs Ministry or the Trade Ministry in the Korean customhouse. Yang Bin stayed in the Yalu River Hotel which was the unique foreign affairs Hotel in this state. Ma Ning introduced the negotiation between them directly, “In the afternoon of March 9, the President Kim Dongkyu of the Main Office of the Pyongyang Gardening Cooperation, Kim Yongshu, the head of the North Korean Committee of the Economy Cooperation and Promotion, Yang Bin and I had a meeting. President Kim Dongkyu took out a map and told Yang Bin that according to the order of Comrade Kim Jong II, the original area of the Administrative Region had been changed from 27 sq km to 82 sq km. General Kim Jong II had marked the boarder and his instruction on the map by hand. The development mode had been also changed from the Economic Development Zone to the Special Economic Zone just like Shenzhen and Zhuhai in China. He wished the committee and Yang Bin started to negotiate this project as soon as possible.”
Wang Nuo, who was responsible for programming, said to me, “The Korean partners showed us the map which covered the area of 82 km, mainly including the north Sinuiju, several islands on the Yalu River and some area near the marine outfall. We visited these places and had a look according to the map by car, observing landform, airport and marina here.” The airport has been military airport built by Japanese, so the Korean planned to change it to be a civil airport. I was not satisfied with the marina which could serve to ships of only 3,000 tons, which is not good enough. According to the international transportation standard, it should be able to hold ships of 15 thousand tons. Besides, here was not the deepwater port and large ships could not come in so we had to choose another place to build up the deepwater harbor.
On night, the Korean delegation hosted a banquet to welcome Yang Bin with his delegation. (The Korean delegation was composed of President Kim, the chief representative of the Pyongyang Gardening Cooperation Main Office, high officials of the Foreign Affairs Ministry, Trade Ministry and economic issue specialists from the academy of sciences. The delegation was responsible for all the subsequent negotiations over Sinuiju. Later, they add some more negotiators.)
On the banquet, artists from Pyongyang had performed the Song of Kim Jong II as well as the other Korean songs. Ma Ning sang the Song of Kim II Sung, which was warmly welcomed by all. And a female artist presented him with a bunch of flowers.
Both of the parties had decided that the Korean delegation would go to the Holland Village at the end of March for the first negotiation over the Sinuiju Special Economic Zone.
On March 8, 2002, Yang Bin went back to Shenyang with his delegation and set up the development and construction leading group of Sinuiju Special Region, in which Yang Bin was the director, Ma Ning was the deputy director and Li Gang, the vice president of the Eurasia Group was the deputy director as well as the chief of Leading Group Office. Yang Bin hurried the relative lawful specialists up to work out the legal document of Sinuiju Special Economic Zone and ordered the Holland Village to design and make out the model of the future Sinuiju Special Economic Zone according to the map. It took only half a month to finish this scaled model which was completely according to his idea and got ready for the coming North Korean delegation. I saw this model for the fist time in April which was large enough to be divided into two parts. One part was 16 meters long and 4 meters wide, including the north Sinuiju area ranging from the Dandong city of China to the marine outfall of the Yalu River, another part included the area from the north to the south end, both of which were connected with each other, showing the scale model of the Sinuiju area in 82 sq km. Visitors could feel directly this newly boom town with European style at first sight. A wide road had divided it into the western part where there were skyscrapers and the green zone near the Yalu River and the eastern part that included airports, modern industries and the agriculture production base. Both temple and church were set up from which we can see that Yang Bin focused a lot on details.
Ma Ning said to me that they immediately invited the Chinese inland experts of the economical, legal and industrial field to prepare for this project. “We have investigated several Chinese Special Economic Zones and compared the mode of Yangpu Development Zone in Hainai province with the developing process of the Sonbong-Rajin Special Economic Zone. We researched experience and draw lessons from them.
We also researched its existing law and made a conclusion that the failure of the Sonbong-Rajin was a result of the existing law which could not protect the foreign investor interests in the North Korea. At the very beginning, the main investment of Shenzhen and Zhuhai Special Economic Zone came from various Chinese central ministries or agencies, many Chinese provinces or cities, overseas Chinese-invested enterprises and some of enterprises in Hong Kong and Macao, but for the North Korea, that is impossible.”
As soon as it was built up, the Sinuiju Special Zone needed a complete compulsory system which was in coincidence with the market economy and could guarantee safe and good investment environment for the foreign investors so that it could attract more foreign investment. But it is not practical that the North Korean Supreme People conference amended its national law or made new laws one by one for each special Region. So the last choice seemed to build up the Special Administrative Region which was isolated from other common laws of the North Korea by the Fundamental Laws and made out a new law system inline with the international norms in order to clear relationship between the center of the party and the special Region. There have been similar successful and practical format files in Cambodia, Afghanistan and East Timor from which we could adopt according to the local situations of Sinuiju.”
During the introduction of Ma Ning, Yang Bin invited Tong Lianfa, the vice president of Liaoning University Law School as well as the international legitimate expert to assist the relative compulsory documents written by Li Yingzhou, Luo Weijian on the view of international law.
Tong Lianfa accepted his invitation and sent Cui Yang and Yang Dayong, lawyers of his own law office to read, consult and research these documents. At the same time he ordered them to “keep secret” on March 29.
Yang Dayong recalled, “I remember it was the last Friday of March. That was a sandstorm day and clouds covered over Shenyang city. Professor Tong asked me to drop what I was doing and join in a new project namely preparation to draft up legal documents for the Sinuiju Special Zone. He asked me to check some compulsory documents such as the ‘investment in foreign country’, ‘Policies toward foreign investment’ and so on when Cui Yang came in. Professor Tong said to him, ‘Cui, you’ll go with me, too. Tomorrow we will go to the Holland Village to join in some legal documents editing. The senior lawyer from Hong Kong and Macao will be also there so you have to care about your cloth, not too casual. Cui, you should not wear jeans like today and Yong, you will have to wear a suit and tie tomorrow.’ On the second day, Professor Tong took us to the Holland Village to start our work.”
When Yang Bin invited Tong Lianfa, Yang Dayong and Cui Yang to his office, Ma Ning and Lawyer Li had been sitting there.
Yang Bin introduced, “The senior lawyers from Hong Kong and Macao have finished drafting up the legitimate documents about the North Korean investment. Lawyer Tong, you are the international law specialist, please help us.”
Ma Ning asked Tong Lianfa and his students, “Do you know the North Korean law?”
Tong Lianfa said with a smile, “We are specialized in the Law of the Special Administrative Region which is for sure alien to the Korean law. It is not necessary for us to assist if you need a lawful document on the base of the Korean law. Just let the Korean send their project.”
Pointing at Lawyer Li, Tong Lianfa said, “We could cooperate together. I will adopt their business law”
With his two students -Yang Dayong and Cui Yang -, Tong Lianfa went back to his villa and worked almost all day and all night to draft up the “Sinuiju Special Zone Basic Laws. Two days later, this Fundamental Laws had been finished.
On March 31 2002, the North Korean delegation, totally 12 delegates, arrived at the Xiantao airport of Shenyang city.
In the company of Ma Ning, Li Gang, Shi Jun, Zhou Xiang, et al, Yang Bin welcomed the Korean delegation in the lobby of the airport and the ladies of the Reception Office handed out fresh flowers to each of the guests. The welcoming cars including two lengthened Benz, four normal Benz, one Rolls-Royce and one BMW as well as several Audi A6, Santana and Vans.
When they arrived at the Holland Village, more than 100 employees were out in force to welcome them with flowers, applause and fireworks until they came into their villas where there were Dutch fresh flowers, fruits, cigarettes and wines.
At night, Yang Bin hold a banquet to welcome the North Korean guests in the equatorial forest hall near the Swan Lake.
Professor Luo Weijian, the jurist of Macao University Law School who had participated in drafting up both Hong Kong and Macao Special Administration Fundamental Laws had arrived at Shenyang on April 2.
On the same day, Li Su, Zhou Fangsheng had arrived at Shenyang from Beijing.
Thus, all the specialists invited by Yang Bin had taken place in the Holland Village. Besides Yang Bin, there were also Ma Ning, Wang Huidong, Li Su, Zhou Fangsheng, Li Yingzhou, Luo Weijian, Wang Nuo, Tong Lianfa, Yang Dayong and Cui Yang et al.
Yang Bin led the discussion on the first draft of the “Fundamental Laws” which caused a heated argument.
Somebody asked what the real function of the Fundamental Laws?
This question annoyed Lawyer Li who was angry to see that his hard work was criticized casually by a legal illiterate. Li Su asked his friend Luo WeiJian, “Luo, you are the specialist in this field. What do you think about it?”
Professor Luo said, “I have read it. It is great!”
Yang Bin asked Luo Weijian, “Would you please tell us the difference between the senior officials of the Special Economic Zone and the Chief Executive of the Special Administrative Region?”

[Photo: The main drafters of the Sinuiju Basic Laws were Professor Tong Lianfa of the Liaoning University Law School, the first one on the left and the Professor Luo WeiJian of the Macao University Law School on the right. Photo taken by Guan Shan]
Professor Luo answered, “The senior official is actually the magistrate who was responsible for the economical construction and administration of the Special Region but does not have legislative and jurisdiction. The legislative mainly includes the scope of census legislation, legislative body and the legislative procedure. The North Korean government is in charge of the legislative. Furthermore it holds legislative and it is responsible to draft up, make and pass all legal documents by the council. The jurisdiction means to the law enforcement agency and the right of giving final approval namely the Lord Chancellor in Hong Kong is the most important. So there is a huge difference!”
Tong Lianfa noticed that except Li and Luo, nobody was familiar with the law and legal consequences. So he explained more comprehensible, “if you do not have legislative, you are not able to build up, pass and carry out the international law. So how could you invite investment? Yang, as you know, the foreign investors pay close attention to just, fair, open of the local law.”
“Okay, Mr. Luo, please add the business items into the Fundamental Laws tonight by the assistance of Lawyer Li. You are supposed to work it out tonight and have it translated into Korean tomorrow for we have to use it on our negotiation tomorrow.”
That was Yang Bins decision.
The first negotiation: conflicts between two concepts. On April 4, 2002, the first negotiation was held in the Holland Village, Shenyang city, Liaoning province.
The North Korean delegation was composed of 12 officials, including 10 negotiators who came from several Korean governmental departments such as economy and Trade Ministry, Foreign Affairs Ministry, national security ministry besides one assistant of the chief delegate and one interpreter. But they introduced themselves on behalf of the Main Office of the North Korean Committee of the Economy Cooperation and Promotion instead of the government. Why? Maybe that is because Yang Bin cooperated with them on behalf of the Eurasia Group instead of himself.
Could the North Korean Committee of the Economy Cooperation and Promotion represent the North Korean Central government? The experts invited by Yang Bin suspected that, especially during the first negotiation when the Korean negotiators introduced themselves on behalf of the North Korean Committee of the Economy Cooperation and Promotion or the Main Office of the Korea Pyongyang Gardening Cooperation. After several meetings, they became familiar with each other and got to know their full names, ranks and positions.
The Chinese delegates came from all over China and were introduced or recommended by Yang’s friends and then invited by him. All of them were Chinese with yellow skin and black eyes although several possessed foreign nationalities. The Koreans called them “The Chinese delegates”. So they were called the Chinese delegation in the Holland Village. In fact, it is more accurate to call them “Yang Bin’s delegation”.
On the first negotiation, there were 11 negotiators in Yang Bin’s delegation including two lawyers and one full- time translator in Eurasia Group called Jin Hu. After the first negotiation, Wang Huidong, Weng Yongxi and Qiao Shengli joined in the delegation. I was allowed to sit on their meeting as an author in attendance.
Yang Bin’s delegation issued a legal document specific to the Sinuiju Special Zone namely the exposure draft of the Sinuiju Special Administrative Region Basic Laws of the DPRK which was the fundamental document written by Professor Tong Lianfa who mainly based it on the Fundamental Laws and also adopted the “Agreement” drafted up upon the suggestion of Hong Kong lawyer Li Yingzhou and Professor Luo Weijian of the Macao University Law School.
As to the Agreement written by Lawyer Li, I have to explain the following:
Several “Chinese delegates” who had joined in the first negotiation recalled that the North Korean had offered a text of “Agreement” of the Special Economic Zone in Korean. Yang Bin had a Chinese translation which he sent to the Hong Kong lawyer--Li Yingzhou for his reference. In view of Yang Bin’s proposition for Sinuiju and according to the factors of economic power and project, he drafted up and supplied Yang Bin’s delegation with a legal text basing on the Korean edition of “Agreement”, which was still mainly based on the legal commercial terms. Later, the Fundamental Laws written by Tong and the “Agreement” written by Li were combined together and became the exposure draft of the Sinuiju Special Administrative Region Basic Laws of the DPRK.
Yang Bin had it translated into Korean on April 3. At 10 o’clock on April 4, the both parties started their first negotiation in the forth floor of the Eurasia Group office building called the Dutch Queen Palace.
After giving a welcome speech, Yang Bin summarised the purpose of drafting the Sinuiju Special Administrative Region Fundamental Laws. He said that the Fundamental Laws is the Fundamental Laws of the coming Sinuiju Special Administrative Region. Same as the Fundamental Laws of Hong Kong or Macao Special Administrative Region, it should be open to the world and carried out accordingly. So the Fundamental Laws should comply with as well as be included in the constitutional law of DPRK in order to guarantee that the government could carry out the basic policies regarding Sinuiju. The central government should support and assist for the Sinuiju Special Administrative Region.
At this time, the Sinuiju Special Administrative Region Basic Laws of the DPRK in the Korean edition was sent to the conference room and distributed to each of the North Korean negotiators. As the North Korean negotiators were not familiar with this Fundamental Laws, Yang Bin suggested to President Kim that the North Korean negotiators should go back to their own villas to have a proper look at it and their negotiation would continue in the afternoon. President Kim agreed.
Every North Korean negotiator looked very serious on the conference in the afternoon. The Korean chief delegate put forward first, “The Sinuiju Special Zone is different from that of your Hong Kong or Macao where the capitalism would have to be carried out for 50 years because they had been occupied and ruled by England and Portugal respectively for almost 100 years and you took it back from the imperialistic countries. Sinuiju belongs to a sovereign state, we just have to managed it. It is unique in the world and different from the Hong Kong and Macao. You have to think about this character of the Sinuiju Special Economic Zone.
I would like you to think about: firstly the pattern of the Sinuiju Special Zone. There are various kinds of Special Zones in the world and we have to work out the best one; secondly, this pattern should get the support of the Chinese government and I believe that it is supposed to because the friendship between China and the North Korea has experienced the test of the war.”
The North Korean statutory experts said, “We think the name of the region has to reflect its character so we would like to suggest it to be Special Economic Zone which has been explained in our national Fundamental Laws. The Sonbong-Rajin is under the charge of the North Korean government as well as practical to the North Korea. Mr. Yang is the man at the wheel to charge this area and he can decide the management form or economical activities freely while we will be only responsible for security.”
The North Korean standpoint was very clear. They did not agree with the Sinuiju Special Administrative Region but preferred it to be Special Economic Zone. The Korea would be responsible for the policy namely the legislation and enforcement----State apparatus.
In other words, they would charge of police, procuratorate and court.
All his activities had to be restricted by the North Korean Fundamental Laws not to mention the isolated executive power, legislative and jurisdiction.
In fact, they would like to build up the second Sonbong-Rajin. But this time, the chief was not the Korean officials but changed to be a Dutch Chinese---Yang Bin.
Yang Bin’s commercial activities such as investment invitation and economical construction would not be protected by law because he had only partial executive power instead of isolated legislative and jurisdiction mentioned in the Fundamental Laws.
But Yang Bin’s delegation indicated conformably that Sinuiju would not be too much different from the Sonbong-Rajin if Yang Bin were only responsible for the economy activities. In fact the failure of Sonbong-Rajin resulted from the lack of the international capital or foreign capitalist’s investment except its location and North Korean style of management method. They wished the North Korean delegation would take it into consideration that the foreign investors needed legal guarantee otherwise they would not invest.
Located in the boarder of Chinese, North Korea and Russia, Sonbong-Rajin was an Economics and Trade Region in the North Korea, not able to be called as the Special Economic Zone. The Korean government wished to make it an Economics and Trade Region by the boarder trading activities. The location of Sonbong-Rajin was inconvenient, far away from China. Furthermore the Korean senior carried out the planned economy in this region, so it had not brought agreeable results within the past recent three years.
Although the Korean delegates identified themselves as the vice- president, the director or consulters of the North Korean Committee of the Economy Cooperation and Promotion, they believed to be high officials of various the North Korean governmental institutions and that they were familiar with the experiences and lessons of it.
Yang stepped further, “As President Kim pointed out that the Sinuiju Special Region must be unique, we would never follow the same wrong way of Sonbong-Rajin. Therefore I suggest we work out a good pattern together. Which is better for investment invitation, the Special Economic Zone or the Special Administrative Region? Anyway, the Sinuiju Special Region should be the most beautiful and attractive all over the world where the foreign investors were glad to invest. That is our mutual purpose.” We should compare Sinuiju to an ordinary hotel. If we would like to attract investment from all over the world, we had to offer a good menu. And the Fundamental Laws is like the good menu.
What do you think about it, my North Korean friends? You have just received the Fundamental Laws and do not have enough time to go over. Therefore I suggest you go back to research it. We could negotiate tomorrow.
Then the first negotiation was over.
The North Korean delegation had dinner in Hague Hotel of the Holland Village while Yang Bin’s delegation went to his villa. Sitting down on the sofa, all of them discussed the difference between the Special Administrative Region and the Special Economic Zone, which seemed very important as well. Who dared to invest to an Economics and Trade Region? As everybody knew, a lawful safeguard would not be necessary.
Later, Ma Ning told me that the North Korean initial reaction was unacceptable. Owing to our repeat statement and insistence, the Korean delegation was persuaded and sent the second chief representative namely the vice director of the North Korean Committee of the Economy Cooperation and Promotion went back to Pyongyang, reporting work and asking for instructions. When he came back to Shenyang, Gui Shengli informed Yang Bin that the government in Pyongyang agreed to think over this project and order the Korean delegation to continue the negotiation.
On April 5, the two parties continued their negotiations.
Xu Mingkui, one of the Korean delegates, who was a legal expert, spoke first.
“We have researched your Fundamental Laws. We think the legislative and jurisdiction belong to our country and should be made by the central government. Certainly, in order to help Yang with creating better investment environment, our central government would like to entitle President Yang more powers as well as some part of the legislative and jurisdiction.”
“Our General Kim believes in President Yang, that is why he invited him to administer in some part of our own country land --- the Sinuiju Special Economic Zone, unchanged for 50 years. Our government would try not to intervene it in order to create the best investment environment.”
While Yang Bin’s statement focused on what the future Sinuiju Economic Zone looked like. He said, “I think my North Korean friends have seen the model of the Sinuiju Special Economic Zone in the Holland Village. With European architectural style, Sinuiju size of 82 sq km would be constructed to be the most beautiful and greatest Special Region in the world. I will hire the world-best architects to design both English and French style buildings as well as the most modern skyscrapers in the world, as beautiful and environmental as Geneva and full of trees, lawn everywhere. How much does it take to build it up? It would take about 50 - 100 billion dollars. And it would take 400 billion dollars to complete all the constructions. I cannot collect so much money. And even if I invited all the investment of the enterprisers that I knew, I could not collect 50-100 billion dollars. So where will the fund come from? We have to invite enterprisers including the World Bank or the Bank of Asia to help us. Would they provide us with a loan or invest to us for nothing? No, absolutely not. They are looking forward to good benefits so we have to offer the most preferential policies, the lowest taxes and the best investment environment. How can we protect this world best investment environment? It is the law they can accepted. We have investigated and read different kinds of global legal systems and laws for reference and then worked out the Fundamental Laws of the Sinuiju Special Economic Zone which will be the most agreeable and surprise all the capitalists all over the world.”
Yang Bin continued his fiery speech:
“General Kim trusts me and lets me design, program and construct this 82 sq km North Korean territory ----Sinuiju Special Economic Zone. I will not betray his great trust. We are a family and we are supposed to succeed finally. I wish you all could understand me…”
President Kim, chief of the delegates, took the lead to applause, then the Korean delegates. So both of the parties reached a consensus i.e., trying to find out the best mode for the Sinuiju Special Economic Zone and continue discussing the Basic Laws of the Sinuiju Special Region by seeking common ground while accepting the exist.
Somehow the negotiation had been carried on smoothly.
On April 12, both parties had negotiated 17 divergences in the Fundamental Laws. Regardless of different opinions, the delegate started their negotiation and ready for next agenda finally.
On September 12, 2002, the Sinuiju Special Administrative Region Basic Laws of Democratic People's Republic of Korea went down in the government decree No. 3203 and had been approved by the Standing Committees of the Supreme Assembly of DPRK. Readers could see clearly that the Fundamental Laws was in full accordance with the international common practice.
North Korea finally took its first step, which thrilled the world and gained global ovations. It took seven months - from March to October 2002 - till Yang Bin and his delegation seven completed their contribution. They devoted their time and energies to the North East Asian peace and development. On October 4, Yang Bin and his enterprises have been suspected to criminal cases and placed on file for investigation. He had to live at home under surveillance.
This is a special topic that should be pointed out before I finish this on-the-spot record article, nobody in the delegation ask for payment. All the specialists and scholars have made great contributions for free. That is why I would like to mention their real names in my book. I wished readers and contemporary historians could remember them all.
I believe that the North Korean delegation contributes as much as Yang Bin’s. Charged with heavy national responsibilities, they took their steps hardly forward the international common practice or regulations and finally finished this Basic Law of Sinuiju Special Administrative Region s. Viewed from all sides, they had played an important role. They will go down in North Korean history forever!

Notes:
① Ma Ning was born in February, 1957 in Nanjing. He started to work in the Nanjing Red Flag Pasture in December, 1974. In 1978, he studied in the chemical department of the Nanjing University. He worked as assistant engineer in the No. 9449 factory of the China Arm Industry Ministry in 1982. He has been the graduate student and got the master’s degree in agronomics from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science in 1984. He has joined in the Chinese Communist Party in 1987. After graduation, he has become the project manager of the Main Office of the Chinese Hua Yang technology trade company as well as the project official of the International Bureau of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science. He went to study in Holland in Jan, 1989 as visiting scholar of the European Union agriculture development. Since 1991, he has become one of the candidates for doctor’s degree in the Economical department of the Holland Wageningen University. In 1994, he has been a senior Chinese manager of a Dutch company. In 1999, he has been the chief representative of the American Pioneer Seed Industry company. In 2002, he has been the Vice President of the Eurasia Group and the first vice director of the special administrative development and construction leading group.
② Born in Dalian in 1954, Wang Nuo is a harbor design experts of doctor’s degree in systems engineering. His works are Rebirth of Systematic Thinking, network planning technique and other researches. His works that will be published is the Reconstruction and Development Trend of the World Ports. In a Chinese urbanist, he joined in the Global City Planning Forum in America.
③ ④ Wang Nuo talked with me in July, 2002.
⑤ Tong Lianfa comes from Shenyang. He has graduated from the Law Department of the China University of Political Science and Law and then taught in the Liaoning University Law School. After I met him in Pyongyang, all of us have experienced the business of drafting up, discussing, negotiation for the legal documents and the first preparing meeting of the Sinuiju Special Region. He told me the story about how he participated in drafting up the legal documents of the Sinuiju Special Economic Zone.
⑥ I had talked with Yang Dayong on May 22, 2002.
⑦ I had conversation with Tong Lianfa on August 2, 2002
⑧ Zhou Xiang, the director of the Eurasia Group Reception Office was talking with me in the Dandong city.
⑨ The Fundamental Laws content was offered by Tong Lianfa, Luo Weijian, Wang Nuo and Yang Dayong, et al.
⑩ Name list of the delegates in the first negotiation was informed by Wang Nuo, Tong Lianfa, and Yang Dayong et al.
Lawyer Yang Dayong offered the information on how the Fundamental Laws and the “Agreement” were combined together at the very beginning and then became the exposure draft of the Basic Law of Sinuiju Special Administrative Region of the DPRK. I had copied the 17 divergences on the Fundamental Laws from Professor Luo Weijian’s primary notes.